Research progress of polymer self-healing mechanism and its application in biomedicine / 药学学报

Polymer self-healing is mainly based on the molecular structure and interaction of polymers, and some need external stimulation, such as light, heat, pH, etc. In recent years, many studies have found that the self-healing properties of polymers can prolong the life of materials, while maintaining the mechanical properties of polymers after healing. According to the different action modes of polymer materials, it can be divided into autonomous self-healing and non-autonomous self-healing. Among them, autonomous self-healing mainly works through reversible covalent bonds (Schiff base bond, Diels-Alder reaction, hydrazide bond), reversible non-covalent bonds (hydrogen bond, metal-ligand coordination bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction) and a combination of the two interactions. Drug carriers with unique self-healing properties play an important role in the encapsulation and stable release of biomacromolecules. In this review, the self-healing mechanism of polymers and their applications in the field of biomedicine were briefly summarized and discussed.

Application of physical training in injury rehabilitation in table tennis athletes / Aplicação do treinamento físico na reabilitação de lesões em atletas de tênis de mesa / Aplicación del entrenamiento físico en la rehabilitación de lesiones en atletas de tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis is a combative sport, and although there is no physical confrontation between athletes, its fast and intense movements require high physical conditioning. The knee joint is held in the flexed state for an extended period, and a deficiency in its stability can lead to disabling injuries. The International Table Tennis Federation reforms have led scientists to research further the stability and strengthening of the CORE muscles for injury prevention. Functional Motion Scanning is a screening technique devised to assess and guide musculoskeletal therapeutic protocol. However, there is still a misunderstanding about using this technique in table tennis players. Objective: Study the application of Functional Motion Scanning in the rehabilitation of sports injuries in male table tennis players. Methods: 20 college table tennis players from Hebei Normal University, aged 18 to 24 years, with sport level grade 2 and test score <8 and knee assessment scale score less than 90 points had the following data evaluated: Functional Motion Scan results, body composition, vertical jump, circumference, and lower limb strength. The exercise intensity and load were adjusted according to the individual physical condition of the participants who did not perform any other parallel activities during the 12 weeks of training. There was intervention three times a week for 20 to 25 minutes during the first six weeks. From the seventh to the twelfth week, intervention two times a week for 25 to 30 minutes. SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical analysis and graphing. Results: The number of knee injuries in table tennis gradually decreased from 3 to 1. An overall reduction in BMI and an increase in thigh and calf circumference were also observed. Conclusions: Physical training with screening positively impacted the prevention and treatment of knee injuries. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa é um esporte combativo e embora não haja confronto físico entre os atletas, seus movimentos rápidos e de intensidade exigem alto condicionamento físico. A articulação do joelho é mantida no estado de flexão por um longo período e uma deficiência em sua estabilidade pode levar a lesões incapacitantes. As reformas da Federação Internacional de Tênis de Mesa levaram os cientistas a aprofundar pesquisas na estabilidade e fortalecimento da musculatura do CORE, visando a prevenção de lesões. O Escaneamento de Movimento Funcional é uma técnica de triagem idealizada com o intuito de avaliar e guiar o protocolo terapêutico musculoesquelético. Porém, ainda há incompreensões sobre a utilização dessa técnica em jogadores de tênis de mesa. Objetivo: Estudar a aplicação do Escaneamento de Movimento Funcional na reabilitação das lesões esportivas dos jogadores masculinos de tênis de mesa. Métodos: 20 jogadores de tênis de mesa universitários da Universidade Normal de Hebei, de 18 a 24 anos, com nível esportivo de grau 2 e pontuação no teste <8 e pontuação na escala de avaliação para joelho inferior a 90 pontos tiveram os seguintes dados avaliados: resultados do Escaneamento de Movimento Funcional, composição corporal, salto vertical, circunferência e força de membros inferiores. A intensidade do exercício e a carga foi ajustada de acordo com as condições físicas individuais dos participantes que não realizaram outras atividades paralelas durante as 12 semanas de treinamento. Durante as primeiras 6 semanas, houve intervenção 3 vezes por semana durante 20 a 25 minutos. Da sétima até a décima segunda, intervenção 2 vezes por semana entre 25 a 30 minutos. O Software SPSS20,0 foi utilizado para a análise estatística e elaboração dos gráficos. Resultados: O número de lesões no joelho no tênis de mesa diminuiu gradualmente de 3 para 1. Observou-se também redução geral do IMC e aumento de circunferência de coxa e panturrilha. Conclusões: O treinamento físico com triagem apresentou um impacto positivo na prevenção e tratamento de lesões no joelho. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos -Investigação de Resultados.

Resumen Introducción: El tenis de mesa es un deporte combativo y, aunque no hay enfrentamiento físico entre los deportistas, sus movimientos rápidos e intensos requieren un elevado acondicionamiento físico. La articulación de la rodilla se mantiene en estado de flexión durante mucho tiempo y una deficiencia en su estabilidad puede provocar lesiones incapacitantes. Las reformas de la Federación Internacional de Tenis de Mesa han llevado a los científicos a seguir investigando sobre la estabilidad y el fortalecimiento de los músculos CORE, con el fin de prevenir las lesiones. La exploración del movimiento funcional es una técnica de cribado concebida para evaluar y orientar el protocolo terapéutico musculoesquelético. Sin embargo, todavía hay malentendidos sobre el uso de esta técnica en los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Objetivo: Estudiar la aplicación del Escaneamiento de Movimiento Funcional en la rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas de los jugadores masculinos de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Se evaluaron los siguientes datos de 20 jugadores universitarios de tenis de mesa de la Universidad Normal de Hebei, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 24 años, con un nivel deportivo de grado 2 y una puntuación en la prueba <8 y una puntuación en la escala de evaluación de la rodilla inferior a 90 puntos: resultados del escáner de movimiento funcional, composición corporal, salto vertical, circunferencia y fuerza de las extremidades inferiores. La intensidad y la carga del ejercicio se ajustaron según las condiciones físicas individuales de los participantes que no realizaron otras actividades paralelas durante las 12 semanas de entrenamiento. Durante las primeras 6 semanas, se intervino 3 veces por semana durante 20-25 minutos. Del séptimo al duodécimo, intervenga 2 veces por semana durante 25 a 30 minutos. Se utilizó el software SPSS20.0 para el análisis estadístico y la elaboración de gráficos. Resultados: El número de lesiones de rodilla en el tenis de mesa disminuyó gradualmente de 3 a 1. También se observó una reducción general del IMC y un aumento de la circunferencia del muslo y la pantorrilla. Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico con cribado mostró un impacto positivo en la prevención y el tratamiento de las lesiones de rodilla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Invasive Fungal Infections in Acute Leukemia Patients in Tropical Regions / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of invasive fungal infection (IFI) occurenced in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during treatment in tropical regions.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 68 AL patients admitted to the Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital from April 2012 to April 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of IFI in AL patients.@*RESULTS@#Among the 68 patients, 44 were acute myeloid leukemia, 24 were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 39 were male, 29 were female and the median age was 41(13-75) years old. The 68 patients received 242 times of chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), including 73 times of initial chemotherapy or inducting chemotherapy after recurrence, 14 times of HSCT, 155 times of consolidating chemotherapy. Patients received 152 times of anti-fungal prophylaxis, including 77 times of primary anti-fungal prophylaxis and 75 times of secondary anti-fungal prophylaxis. Finally, the incidence of IFI was 31 times, including 24 times of probable diagnosis, 7 times of proven diagnosis, and the total incidence of IFI was 12.8%(31/242), the incidence of IFI in inducting chemotherapy was 24.66%(18/73), the incidence of IFI in HSCT patients was 28.57% (4/14), the incidence of IFI in consolidating chemotherapy was 5.80% (9/155). Multivariate analysis showed that inducting chemotherapy or HSCT, the time of agranulocytosis ≥7 days, risk stratification of high risk were the independent risk factors for IFI in AL patients during treatment in tropical regions.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of IFI in patients with AL in the tropics regions is significantly higher than that in other regions at homeland and abroad. Anti-fungal prophylaxis should be given to the patients with AL who have the high risk factors of inducting chemotherapy or HSCT, time of agranulocytosis ≥7 days and risk stratification of high risk.

Clinical comprehensive evaluation of Tianshu Capsules in treatment of migraine (syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals and syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver Yang) / 中国中药杂志

This study systematically sorted out the existing studies about Tianshu Capsules in the treatment of migraine(syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals, syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver Yang), and conducted comprehensive clinical evaluation through "6+1" dimensions of safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) to embody the advantages and characteristics and clarify the precise clinical position of Tianshu Capsules. The value of each dimension was calculated via health technology assessment, the multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) mo-del and CSC v2.0 software. The results were graded into four levels of A, B, C, or D from high to low. According to the available studies, Tianshu Capsules had low and controllable risks, with the safety rated as A. The drug has obvious clinical significance in the treatment of migraine(syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals, syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver Yang), with the effectiveness rated as A. It has clear economic results, with the economy rated as B. The clinical innovation, service system innovation, and industrial innovation are all good, and thus the innovation of Tianshu Capsules is grade A. The drug can meet clinical medication demand of medical care and patients, and thus its suitability is grade A. In view of the reasonable drug price, affordability, and availability, the accessibility is grade A. The prescription originated from the Daxiong Pills recorded in the classic Comprehensive Recording of Sage-like Benefit. In clinical trials, 4 675 patients have used Tianshu Capsules, which indicates rich experience in human administration, and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine is grade B. The statutory drug information complies with national stan-dards, and the non-statutory information is standard and accurate. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of various dimensions of evidence, the clinical value of Tianshu Capsules in the treatment of migraine(syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals and syndrome of ascendant hyperactivity of liver Yang) is class A. According to the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Management Guidelines of Drugs(trial version 2021) issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, we recommend that Tianshu Capsules treating migraine can be transformed into relevant policy results for clinical medication management according to procedures.

Single Center Analysis of Bloodstream Infection Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies in the Tropics / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics, prognosis and risk factors of bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies in the tropics, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection.@*METHODS@#The clinical features, blood culture results and prognosis of patients with bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies admitted to Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital were retrospectively studied.@*RESULTS@#The most common primary infection site of the 81 patients with hematological malignancies was lung (46.91%), followed by PICC (11.11%). The detection rate of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in the blood culture was 60.98% and 30.02%, respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci was the most common Gram-positive bacteria resulting in bloodstream infection in our study. Of the Gram-negatives, Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.38%) was predominant, followed by Escherichia coli (18.75%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.75%). Gram-positive bacteria was highly sensitive (100%) to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline. Study showed that Gram-negative bacteria had low sensitive to quinolones, in particular, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli to quinolones was as high as 83.33%. In terms of overall survival (OS), the 30-days OS of patients with Gram-negative and Gram-positive septicemia was 77.42% and 92.00%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock (P=0.001, RR=269.27) was an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality, and remission status (P=0.027, RR=0.114) was an independent predictor of a favourable outcome of bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies.@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-positive bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies in the tropics. Improving the care of PICC is an important measure to reduce the incidence of bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies in the tropics. A correct treatment relieving disease and effective prevention and treatment of septic shock can reduce mortality of patients with bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies in the tropics.

Thoughts on foreign universal drug value evaluation tools for construction of Chinese patent medicine value evaluation tools / 中国中药杂志

At present, the value evaluation of Chinese patent medicines is in the exploratory stage, and a clinical value evaluation system that can reflect the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine has not been established. This article investigates four universal drug value tools from abroad, namely, evidence rating matrix, cancer value label, patient-perspective value framework and multiple criteria decision analysis advance value framework. The evidence rating matrix is used to measure the benefits and risks of different treatment measures, and the net health benefit is used as the best estimate point to evaluate the value of treatment; the cancer value label is mainly used to weigh the economic value and innovative value of drug treatment programs of different anti-tumor drugs by matrix composed the ratio between the expected result and the cost; the patient-perspective value framework emphasizes the evaluation of the value of different healthcare intervention methods from the patient's perspective; multiple criteria decision analysis advance value framework measures the value of drugs or measures from multiple dimensions. Combined with the characteristics of the above universal drug value evaluation tools and the correlation research of domestic drug value evaluation, the paper proposes to analyze the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine value evaluation from the six dimensions of effectiveness, safety, innovation, economy, suitability and accessibility of Chinese patent medicine, and expounds the strategy of constructing Chinese patent medicine value evaluation tool, so as to provide reference for the drug value evaluation and decision-making application of Chinese patent medicine.

Complex Network Analysis of Xiyanping Injection in Treatment of Bronchitis Based on Real World / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the group modules of Chinese medicine and western medicine for the treatment of bronchitis patients with Xiyanping injection based on the real world to provide references for the clinical treatment of bronchitis with Chinese medicine and western medicine. Method:Medical records of 13 874 patients with bronchitis treated by Xiyanping injection were extracted from 29 hospital information systems （HISs） in China，and complex network analysis was carried out using Tabu Search algorithm to obtain the substructure and associated information of core drug combination of Xiyanping injection for the treatment of bronchitis and to analyze clinical medication protocols. Result:Medication protocols for the pathogens of bronchitis are listed below： Xiyanping injection + cefuroxime for bacterial infection. Xiyanping injection + interferon for viral infection. Xiyanping injection + azithromycin for mycoplasma infection. According to the clinical symptoms and complications of bronchitis， the appropriate medication protocols were as follows： Xiyanping injection + ambroxol + Feilike mixture + ibuprofen for uncomplicated bronchitis. Xiyanping injection + ipratropium bromide + budesonide + salbutamol for asthmatic bronchitis. Xiyanping injection + mannitol + furosemide + phenobarbital + gangliosides + immunoglobulin for bronchitis complicated with viral encephalitis. Xiyanping injection + creatine phosphate sodium + vitamin C for bronchitis complicated with viral myocarditis. The combined medication of Chinese medicine for the treatment of bronchitis was adopted based on its characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The data of this study were derived from the real world. The combined medications protocols of Xiyanping injection targeting the clinical symptoms and complications of bronchitis were extracted and summarized. However， it is necessary to formulate an individualized medication protocol according to the specific condition.

Clinical Analysis of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of 12 Patients with Acute Leukemia in Tropical Area / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for treatment of acute leukemia in the tropical area.@*METHODS@#Twelve acute leukemia patients who were underwent allo-HSCT from April 2013 to November 2018 in Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital were selected, including 5 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 7 case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Three cases received HLA matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 8 cases received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 1 cases received partially mismatched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pretreatment regimen: 9 cases received modified BU/CY+ATG pretreatment regimen, 3 cases received BU/CY pretreatment regimen. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention regimen: all patients received cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil combined with short-term methotrexate regimen. The clinical efficacy of allo-HSCT in treatment of acute leukemia in the tropical area was analyzed by detecting hematopoietic reconstitution, GVHD, infection, relapse and survival after transplantation.@*RESULTS@#All the 12 patients achieved granulocyte reconstruction and megakaryocyte reconstruction. The median time of granulocyte reconstruction was 11.5 (6-14) days, and the median time of megakaryocytic reconstruction was 12.5 (10-22) days. Within 100 days after transplantation, the acute GVHD occurved in 8 cases, including 6 cases of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree acute GVHD and 2 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree acute GVHD, 11 cases survived more than 100 days after transplantation, and the chronic GVHD occurred in 1 case, which was mildly limited. Pulmonary infection occurred in 7 cases, cytomegaloviremia occurred in 6 cases, EB viremia occurred in 6 cases, and hemorrhagic cystitis occurred in 5 cases. 2 cases relapsed and eventually died, and the remaining 10 patients survived without disease until the date of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 4 (1-68) months, 83.3% (10/12) survived without disease, and 16.7% (2/12) relapsed.@*CONCLUSION@#Allo-HSCT is an effective method for the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Leukemia patients should be transplanted as soon as possible after remission. The incidence of pulmonary fungal infection in transplanted patients in tropics is high, therefore the prevention and treatment of fungal infection should be strengthened.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of U2AF1 Mutation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence, clinical features of U2AF1 gene mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and its effect of prognosis.@*METHODS@#A total of 161 patients with AML were enrolled. The second-generation sequencing method was used to detect U2AF1 gene mutation, and the relationship between U2AF1 mutation and clinical features, prognosis was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The mutation rate of U2AF1 gene in 161 AML patients was 3.73%. The counts of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets in the U2AF1 gene mutation group were lower than those in the wild type group. The complete response rate of U2AF1 gene mutation group was 66.67%, while that in wild type group was 55.48%, which shows no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.70). The median EFS of wild type group and the mutant group was not reached and reached to 133 days, respectively (P=0.03), while the medium OS in two groups was not reached and reached to 210 days (P=0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The AML patients with U2AF1 mutation positive have a poor prognosis as compared with the wild type group, which may be a poor prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia.

Analysis of clinical application characteristics of Xiyanping Injection in 194 873 cases in real world / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the clinincal application characteristics of Xiyanping Injection in real world. The data of the patients came from the hospital information systerm(HIS) of 29 tertiary hospitals in China from 2006 to 2016. It included three parts about basic information, Western medicine diagnosis information, and doctor advice information. The exploration was conducted for the characteristics of the patients and disease distribution as well as the therapeutic regimen. Apriori algorithm was adopted to establish the models, and Clementing 12.0 was used for a correlation analysis of the comprehensive therapeutic regimen of Xiyanping Injection. There were 194 873 cases in the study. The male to female ratio was 1.44∶1. The median age was 4 years old. The median daily dosage was 200 mg. 46.68% of the patients were administered with 250-500 mg, and 33.07% were 50-100 mg one day. 47.08% of the patients were administered for 4-7 d, and 32.65% of the patients were 1-3 d. In the doctor advice information, the most frequently types of Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine were mucilagin, heat-clearing agent. Second generation cephalosporins, third generation cephalosporins, compound penicillin were the most common types of antibiotic. Interferon, nucleoside and nucleotide, human immunoglobulin were the most common types of antiviral drug. The mining association rules results were analyzed, finding the application of Xiyanping Injection in severe infectious diseases. To improve respiratory symptoms, Xiyanping Injection treaments were Budesonide + Ipratropium Bromide + Ambroxol. To severe pulmonary infection, the treaments were Dopamine + Ambroxine. To severe hand, foot and mouth disease, the treatments were Namefen + Mannitol. To pulmonary heart failure, the treatments were Dobutamine + Heparin. Based on the results of the real world HIS, we could provide clinical application the idea, and a reference for further excavation of the applicable diseases of Xiyanping Injection.

Comparison of domestic video intubationscope versus fiberoptic bronchoscope for difficult nasotracheal intubation / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To compare the clinical effects of domestic video intubationscope (VIS) versus fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) for difficult nasotracheal intubation.?Methods?60 ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ elective patients with difficult airway, Mallampati class Ⅲ or Ⅳ, aged 22 ～ 68 years, weight 53 ～ 82 kg, were randomly divided into domestic video intubationscope group (group V) and fiber bronchoscope group (group F), 30 cases in each group. The nasotracheal intubation was respectively guided by VIS in group V and FOB in group F. Tracheal intubation time, success rate of tracheal intubation and complications of tracheal intubation were recorded. MAP, HR and SpO2 were recorded at before anesthesia induction (T0), after anesthesia induction (T1), at glottic exposure (T2), at intubation (T3).?Results?Compared with T0, MAP and HR were significantly decreased in both groups at T1(P < 0.05). MAP and HR were significantly increased in both groups at T3 than those at T1(P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). SpO2 during tracheal intubation was no significantly reduced in both groups. The tracheal intubation time were respectively (76.0 ± 18.0) s and (80.0 ± 20.0) s in group V and group F, and the one-time success rate of intubation in group V and group F were respectively 96.7% and 93.3%, but there were no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of tracheal intubation complications between the two groups (P > 0.05).?Conclusions?Compared with FOB, difficult nasotracheal intubation guided by domestic VIS also is a safe and reliable, fast and effective method with high intubation success rate and less complications of tracheal intubation.

Comparison of domestic video intubationscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope in nasal intubation / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To compare the clinical effect of nasal intubation with domestic video intubationscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope. Methods One hundred patients scheduled for oro-maxillo-facial operation, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II, aged 19 ~ 67 years, were randomly divided into the domestic video intubationscope group (group V) and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope group (group M), with 50 cases in each group. Nasal intubation was respectively performed with domestic video intubationscope (Group V) and Macintosh direct laryngoscope (group M). Cormark-Lehane grade (C-L classification), tracheal intubation time, first-time intubation success rate and tracheal intubation complications were recorded.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of before induction of anesthesia (T0), after induction of anesthesia (T1), at glottic exposure (T2), at intubation (T3), 1 min after intubation (T4) and 3 min after intubation (T5) were recorded. Results C-L classification in group V was significantly lower than that in group M (P < 0.05), intubation time in group V was significantly shorter than that in group M (P < 0.05), first-time intubation success rate in group V was significantly higher than that in group M (P < 0.05). Compared with T1, MAP was significantly higher at T3~ T4and HR was significantly faster at T3in group V, MAP was significantly higher at T2~ T4and HR was significantly faster at T2~ T3in group M (P < 0.05). Compared with group M, MAP and HR in group V were significantly lower at T2~ T4 (P < 0.05). The incidence of tracheal intubation complications in group V was significantly lower than that in group M (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with Macintosh direct laryngoscope,domestic video intubationscope in nasal intubation is better in glottic exposure,it could shorten tracheal intubation time ,increase first-time intubation success rate, maintain stable hemodynamics, has fewer tracheal intubation complications and is worthy of clinical application.

Fenestration and debridement combined with percutaneous minimally invasive fibula implantation in the treatment of senile degenerative osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a study protocol for a non-randomized controlled trial / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is one of the common forms of senile degenerative osteoarthropathy. The hip preservation surgery techniques that are currently commonly used include femoral head fenestration, debridement and bone grafting through an anterior approach, and debridement and impaction bone grafting with fibula support through a lateral approach with subtrochanter drilling. These two techniques cause great trauma to the patients, and surgery costs are high. Femoral head collapse occurs easily after surgery. The course inhibition of necrosis of the femoral head and repair effect are not ideal. OBJECTIVE: This study hopes to develop a new repair method that can make up for the shortcomings of conventional hip preservation surgery. We will observe the therapeutic effect of fenestration and debridement combined with percutaneous minimally invasive fibula implantation. This low-cost procedure for senile osteonecrosis of the femoral head should have little intraoperative trauma. We will determine if it also prevents postoperative femoral head collapse. METHODS: This is a prospective, multicenter, non-randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Seventy patients (117 hips) with senile degenerative osteonecrosis of the femoral head will be recruited from the Hebei Provincial Youfu Hospital and the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. The patients will be allocated into three groups according to the repair method. (1) Patients in the drilling debridement group will undergo conventional debridement and impaction bone grafting with fibula support through a lateral approach with subtrochanter drilling. (2) Patients in the fenestration debridement group will undergo conventional femoral head fenestration, debridement, and bone grafting through an anterior approach. (3) Patients in the combination repair group will undergo fenestration, debridement, and impaction bone grafting combined with percutaneous minimally invasive fibula implantation. Each group will include 39 hips. Follow-up will be conducted for 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of femoral head collapse on the affected side at 12 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures are intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospital costs, and Harris hip score for hip function before surgery and 6 and 12 months after surgery and the incidence of adverse reactions at 6 and 12 months after surgery. DISCUSSION: Our results can verify whether the effect of fenestration and debridement combined with percutaneous minimally invasive fibula implantation is better than those of the other two types of conventional hip preservation techniques in the treatment of senile osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In addition, we will validate whether the combined method clearly inhibits postoperative femoral head collapse and improves hip function. This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University of China(approval number:KE2016-011-1).The study protocol will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki,formulated by the World Medical Association. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. This trial was designed in January 2014. Ethics approval was done in December 2014. The recruitment of subjects will begin in June 2018. Samples and data will be collected from June 2018 to June 2019. Outcome measures will be analyzed in August 2019. This trial will be completed in December 2019. The results of the trial will be reported in a scientific conference or disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This trial had been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800015124).

Effects of the Aerobic Exercise on the AGE-RAGE Axis and NF-κB Pathway in T2DM Rats / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on AGE-RAGE axis and nuclear factor kappa B pathway in type 2 diabete rats and to discuss the rehabilitation function of aerobic exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Methods After the 8-week-old male Wistar rats were fed with a high sugar and high fat for 4 weeks, type 2 diabetes rats were induced by streptozotocin way. 30 type 2 diabetes rats were allocated at random into 3 groups:type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), low- and moderate- intensity exercise groups (T2DML, T2DMM) . Exercise group performed exercise protocol respectively. The AGEs, RAGE and NF-κB levels of the blood,muscle and heart were detected by ELISA method respectively. Results Compared with T2DM group, the NF-κB level of the blood, muscle and heart were decreased in T2DML group significantly (P<0.05);the AGEs, RAGE and NF-κB level of the blood, muscle and heart were decreased in T2DMM group significantly ( <0.05) . Compared with T2DML group, the NF-κB level of the blood, muscle and heart were decreased in T2DMM group significantly ( <0.05) . Conclusion Moderate intensity aerobic exercise inhibits AGE-RAGE axis and NF-κB pathway, which may decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, and so reduce tissue injure for the prevention and treatment of complications of the T2DM.

Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK Cells in Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the killing effect of CAR (CD138-CD28-CD3ζ)-NK cells on myeloma cells through construction of CAR(CD138-CD28-CD3)-NK cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3 zeta plasmid pcDNA3.1 was constructed, which then together with 3 plasmid lentiviral packaging system were transfected into 293T cells, the virus was collected. Furthermore, in order to get the stably transfected cell line, the NK92MI cell line was infected by the virus, then the positive cells were screened by puromycin. The expression of the CARNK cells were verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. At last the ability of secreting cytokine CD107a was detected by flow cytometry, and the statistical analysis was carried out to verify the anti-myeloma effect of CAR-NK cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gene fragment of the CAR(antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3ζ) was constructed successfully by gene engineering technique in vitro, and the gene sequence was verified to be correct by sequencing. By virus packaging technology, the virus expressing the protein of the CAR was obtained. PCR and Western blot verified the expression of CAR fusion protein on the sufurce of NK cells. The cell killing experiment confirmed that the CAR-NK cells possessed the ability to secrete cytokine CD107a superior to control cells and showed the obvious killing effect on multiple myeloma cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CAR can be constructed in vitro, and express on NK92 cells. The CAR-NK cells can kill the multiple myeloma cells expressing CD138 antigen, thereby plays an antimyeloma effect.</p>

Establishment of A20 Murine B Lymphoma Transplantation Model Labeled with Luciferase / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the animal model of luciferase-transfected A20 murine B cell lymphoma, so as to provide experimental tools to explore the effect of graft versus tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Luciferase- labeled A20 cells were cloned with puromycin selection. Transfected A20 cells and CBL/6 bone marrow were inoculated into the irradiated BALB/c mice by injection in tailvein to establish the transplantation model. The bioluminescent imaging technique was used to monitor the tumor growth, and then the survival, body weight, tumor formation and pathological characteristics of target organs were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A20 cell line stably expressing luciferase gene was successfully obtained. The the bioluminicent imaging found that the tumor luminescence could be observed on day 8 of A20 cell inoculation, and the mean fluorescent intensity was increased along with the tumor growth. Compared with the BMT group, the survival rate and body weight of BMT+A20-Lucmice were decreased significantly. General anatomy showed the tumor mainly formed in the liver and spleen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A mouse transplantation model with luciferase- transfected A20 cells has been successfully established, thus laying a foundation for investigation of graft-versus-tumor.</p>

Distribution and morphology of ghrelin-immunopositive cells in the liver of the African ostrich / Distribución y morfología de las células inmunopositivas a la gregina en el hígado de avestruz africana

SUMMARY: Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and has been found in the liver of multiple vertebrates. While ghrelin has been identified in the gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks, little is known regarding its distribution in the liver of the African ostrich. In the present study, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells in the liver of the African ostrich were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the liver is divided into two sections: the capsule and the parenchyma, which comprises hepatic lobules and the hepatic portal area. The hepatic lobules include the central vein, hepatocellular cord, and the hepatic sinusoid. The hepatocellular cord is composed of hepatocytes, and Macrophagocytus stellatus (Kupffer cells) as well as endothelial cells reside within the hepatic sinusoid. ghrelin-ip cells were detected among both the Macrophagocytus stellatus and endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoid in the African ostrich liver. In contrast, no ghrelinip cells were located within the hepatocytes or the hepatic portal area. These results clearly demonstrated the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the liver of the African ostrich. Therefore, ghrelin may have a physiological function in the liver of the African ostrich.

RESUMEN: La ghrelina es el ligando endógeno para el receptor secretagogo de la hormona del crecimiento, y se ha encontrado en el hígado de múltiples vertebrados. A pesar que la ghrelina ha sido identificada en el tracto gastrointestinal de polluelos de avestruz africanas, poco se sabe sobre su distribución en el hígado de esta ave. En el presente estudio se investigó la distribución y características morfológicas de las células ghrelininmunopositivas (ghrelin-ip) en el hígado del avestruz africana mediante inmunohistoquímica. Nuestros resultados indican que el hígado se divide en dos secciones: la cápsula y el parénquima, que comprende los lóbulos hepáticos y el área portal hepática. Los lóbulos hepáticos incluyen la vena central, el cordón hepatocelular y el sinusoide hepático. El cordón hepatocelular está compuesto de hepatocitos y de Macrophagocytus stellatus (células de Kupffer) y las células endoteliales se localizan dentro del sinusoide hepático. Fueron detectacas células ghrelin-ip entre los Macrophagocytus stellatus y las células endoteliales del sinusoide hepático en el hígado de avestruz africana. En contraste, no se localizaron células de ghrelin-ip dentro de los hepatocitos o en el área portal hepática. Estos resultados demuestran claramente la presencia de células de ghrelin-ip en el hígado. Por lo tanto, la ghrelina puede tener una función fisiológica en el hígado de avestruz africana.

Distribution and morphology of ghrelin-immunopositive cells in the thymus of the African ostrich / Distribución y morfología de células inmunopositivas de la ghrelina en el timo de la avestruz africana

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been detected in the thymus of multiple vertebrates. However, little is known about its distribution in the thymus of the African ostrich. In this study, we evaluated the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-producing cells in the thymus of the African ostrich. Our results revealed that the thymus consists of a capsule and a parenchyma, which comprises the cortex and medulla. Compared to the cortex, the medulla had a fewer number of thymocytes and a greater number of epithelial cells. Additionally, three thymic corpuscles were identified. Ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells were detected both in the cortex and medulla of the African ostrich thymus, specifically within epithelial cells and thymic corpuscles. On the other hand, no ghrelin-ip cells were detected within thymocytes. These results clearly demonstrate the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the thymus of the African ostrich.

La ghrelina, un ligando endógeno para el receptor secretor de la hormona del crecimiento, se ha detectado en el timo de múltiples vertebrados. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre su distribución en el timo de la avestruz africana. En este estudio se evaluó la distribución y características morfológicas de las células productoras de ghrelina en el timo de la avestruz africana. Nuestros resultados revelaron que el timo consiste en una cápsula y un parénquima, que comprende la corteza y la médula. En comparación con la corteza, se observó un número menor de timocitos en la médula y un mayor número de células epiteliales. Además, se identificaron tres corpúsculos tímicos. Se detectaron células inmunopositivas a la ghrelina (ghrelin-ip) tanto en la corteza como en la médula del timo de la avestruz africana, específicamente dentro de células epiteliales y corpúsculos tímicos. Por otra parte, no se detectaron células ghrelin-ip dentro de los timocitos. Estos resultados demuestran claramente la presencia de células ghrelin-ip en el timo de la avestruz africana.

Application of ERCP in treatment for biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in treatment for biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease. Methods From October 2010 to October 2016 , 27 patients who were admitted for hepatic hydatid disease underwent therapeutic ERCP pre- or post-operation, then we retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, ERCP methods and therapeutic effects in perioperative period of ERCP. Results All the 27 patients who underwent ERCP pre-or post-operations because of biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease obtained good treatment effect. There were some reasons for ERCP, 12 cases for acute suppurative cholangitis and obstructive jaundice caused by intrabiliary rupture and 7 for severe jaundice compress by large hepatic hydatid cyst, whereas 6 cases for biliary fistula and 2 for biliary stricture after operation. 6 indexes including white blood cell count (WBC), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly different between 24 hours pre- and 48 hours post- ERCP (P < 0.05), all the patients were improved after operation. Conclusion ERCP which is performed at pre- or post- operation may be an effective treatment for biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease such as acute suppurative cholangitis, biliary fistula and stricture.

Comparison of domestic infantile type video intubationscope and stethoscope in positioning of double-lumen endobronchial tube / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To compare the effect of the domestic infantile type video intubationscope (VIS) and stethoscope in positioning of double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). Methods 100 cases of patients underwent elective thoracic surgery requiring single lung ventilation were randomly divided into two groups: domestic infantile type video intubationscope group (group V) and stethoscope group (group S), with 50 cases in each. After intubating with a DLT, the positions of DLT were judged and adjusted by VIS (group V) and stethoscope (group S) respectively, and then reviewed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), the positioning time and accuracy were recorded. Results Comparing with the group S, the positioning time of DLT was significantly shorter and the total positioning accuracy of DLT was significantly higher in group V (P < 0.05). Conclusion It is easy and quickly, high accuracy with domestic infantile type video intubationscope in positioning of DLT, which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.